Taxonomical aids


 

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Biological classification

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Biological classification  Biological classification is defined as the process of grouping the organisms according to certain similarities Linnaeus proposed the two kingdoms of classification.  He classified organism into animal kingdom as Animalia and plant kingdom as Plantae.  There were certain limitations associated with two kingdom classification such as- it does not differentiate between eukaryotes and prokaryotes, unicellular and multicellular organisms, and photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms.  Five kingdom classifications  R.H. Whittaker proposed the five kingdoms of classification.  The five kingdoms classification is as follows-  Monera,  Protista,  Fungi,  Plantae, and  Animalia.  The classification was based on thallus organization, cell structure, mode of nutrition, phylogenetic relationship, and reproduction.           Fig.1. Five kingdom classifications  Kingdom Monera...
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ANIMAL KINGDOM : BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION

 Animals are heterotrophic, multicellular organisms devoid of chlorophyll and cell walls. Animalia has eleven main phyla: For detail notes 1. Porifera 7. Invertebrates  2. Cnideria 8. Mollusca  3. Ctenophora 9. The echinodermata  4. Hemichordata 10. Platyhelminthes  5. Aschelminthes 11. Chordata  6. Annelida  CLASSIFICATION BASIS 1. Organizational levels    Animals are categorized into four levels based on this: a.At the cellular level of organization, cells are grouped together loosely. For instance, Porifera. b. The organizing of cells into tissues occurs at the tissue level. For instance, ctenophores and nidarians.   c. Organ level organization: Tissues are grouped into organs at this level. For example, higher animals (from chordates to platyhelminthes).    d. Organ system level of organization: In this case, an organ system is linked to an organ. Every system carries out a particular physiological task. Consider higher ani...
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हिम्मत रखो क्योंकि जब तुम्हारी हिम्मत साथ होगी तो हर परिस्थिति तुम्से हार जाएगी  
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